Video Surveillance in Italy: Security and Regulatory Compliance
Introduction
Video surveillance is a fundamental tool for ensuring the security of businesses, public entities, and private individuals. However, in Italy, installing cameras cannot be considered merely a technical choice: it must comply with European regulations (GDPR – EU Regulation 2016/679) and the guidelines of the Italian Data Protection Authority.
1. Always inform data subjects
People passing through video-monitored areas must be clearly informed of the presence of cameras. Clearly visible signs must be displayed, indicating the data controller and the purposes of the processing.
2. Data Minimization Principle
Cameras must record only what is necessary for security purposes. It is unlawful to record areas that are irrelevant or exceed the stated purposes. This falls within the data minimization principle established by the GDPR.
3. Image retention periods
The Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante Privacy) establishes specific rules:
- General rule: maximum 24 hours of retention.
- Exceptions: up to 48 hours if there are specific and documented needs (e.g., increased security risk).
- Beyond 48 hours: only with authorization or proven need (critical infrastructure, legal investigations), accompanied by a Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA).
This point is crucial: many companies believe they can retain images for weeks, but in Italy the regulations are much more restrictive.
4. Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA)
In sensitive contexts (schools, hospitals, workplaces), a Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA) is mandatory before activating the system. This document analyzes the risks to individuals' rights and freedoms and defines mitigation measures.
5. Processing Log and Responsibilities
The data controller (company, condominium, public entity) must register the video surveillance system in the processing log and ensure that only authorized personnel can access the images. If the service is outsourced, the provider must be appointed as data controller.
Conclusion
Installing cameras in Italy means combining security and regulatory compliance. For manufacturers and local partners, presenting themselves as "compliance-ready" is a competitive advantage: it's not just about selling technology, but about offering solutions that respect privacy and the law.